1. Scenario Inputs
2. Simulation Outputs
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Strategic reserve days
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Annual transfer energy
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Off-peak pumping load
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Gross PSH energy
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PSH round-trip efficiency
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NPV
Visual indicators
Detailed results
3. Model Equations
This public model uses standard, non-proprietary equations for educational scenario screening:
Strategic reserve days = (Surface storage + Aquifer bank) / Daily demand
Transfer energy intensity = ρ × g × H_transfer / (η_transfer × 3.6×10⁶)
Annual transfer energy = Transfer volume × Transfer energy intensity
Off-peak pumping load = Annual transfer energy / annual off-peak hours
PSH generation per m³ = ρ × g × H_PSH × η_turbine / 3.6×10⁶
Gross PSH energy = Active swing volume × PSH generation per m³
Round-trip efficiency = η_pump × η_turbine
NPV = Net annual benefit × annuity factor − CAPEX
Transfer energy intensity = ρ × g × H_transfer / (η_transfer × 3.6×10⁶)
Annual transfer energy = Transfer volume × Transfer energy intensity
Off-peak pumping load = Annual transfer energy / annual off-peak hours
PSH generation per m³ = ρ × g × H_PSH × η_turbine / 3.6×10⁶
Gross PSH energy = Active swing volume × PSH generation per m³
Round-trip efficiency = η_pump × η_turbine
NPV = Net annual benefit × annuity factor − CAPEX
4. Suggested Website Text
AquaVolt HSAWES Public Simulation Model demonstrates how strategic water storage can be evaluated as both a water-security reserve and a renewable-energy flexibility asset. The model is intentionally simplified and publication-safe. It supports public education, stakeholder discussion, and early scenario screening while preserving intellectual property protection.